B Background or lead in sentence/s
A Argument/hypothesis/thesis statement
M Main points - overview the main points
Follow the PEEL structure in the body of an essay to write clear and cohesive paragraphs.
P Point - make your main point in the first sentence. This is the topic sentence.
E Expand - explain what you mean in more detail
E Evidence & examples - support your argument with facts, evidence and examples
L Link – link your point back to the thesis statement or main argument
Source: M.E. Rigby (2012). Go Grammar Consulting, Brisbane.
Key Terms and their Meanings
| account for |
give reason for
|
| approximate |
give a close answer |
| comment on |
present your opinion
|
| compare |
recognise similarities & differences
|
| contrast |
highlight difference |
| demostrate |
show
|
| derive |
present a logical sequence of steps to arrive at a result |
| describe |
represent, picture or portray; say what something is |
| determine |
arrive at an answer, showing required steps or strategies |
| discuss |
investigate or examine by argument |
| draw (sketch) |
depict an object as in clearly define diagram or flowchart |
| estimate |
give a close approximation |
| evaluate |
establish the value, quality, importance, merit, relevance or appropriateness of |
| explain |
make clear, make known in detail
|
| expound |
present a clear & convincing argument for a detailed opinion |
| express |
to show or state |
| fine |
arrive at an answer by your own strategy
|
|
| generalise |
make abstract on the basis of evidence, a general statement |
| identify |
establish or select |
| indicate |
Clearly name or state the relevant points |
| justify |
provide sound reasons or evidence on which your response is based |
| list |
to place one after the other |
| outline (in words) |
provide a structure for, give main points or features |
| present |
put forward for consideration
|
| prove |
validate a result with coherence & completeness |
| quote |
repeat words from stimulus material
|
| rank |
sequence or list in order |
| show (calculations) |
indicate all the steps |
| state |
clearly present or say |
| suggest |
propose
|
| summarise |
present essential ideas & information in fewer words |
| transcribe |
write your own accurate copy
|
| verbatim |
use exactly the same words, copy |
| verify |
validate a particular result
|
|
Source: Queensland Studies Authority
Linking Words
Use linking words to give your writing cohesion. Linking words link clauses to make sentences. Linking words create cohesion between paragraphs and sentences.
COMPARING & CONTRASTING
|
alike
also
alternatively
both
compared with
contrasts with
conversely |
despite
differs from
equally
even though
however
in the same way
in spite of this |
instead
likewise
neither
nevertheless
on the contrary
on the other hand
rather |
similar to
similarly
subsequently
the dissimilarity
the features they have in common
unlike
whereas |
ADDING AN IDEA OR MORE INFORMATION
|
a number of
additionally
also
and
another |
as well as
besides
both
firstly
furthermore |
in addition
in conjunction with
lastly
moreover
to illustrate |
SUBSTITUTES FOR THE WORD 'is'
|
allows
becomes
contributes to
creates
culminates in
engenders
exemplifies |
expresses
indicates
influences
leads to
manifests
mirrors
produces |
provokes
reflects
represents
reveals
shapes
shows
symbolises |
OTHER WAYS TO SAY "this can be seen by"
|
|
this is/can be illustrated by
it is seen through
this can be demonstrated by/through
this is shown when
this is exemplified by/when
|
this illustrates that
this shows that
this can be observed through
it clearly points out
it can therefore be perceived that
|
it is most notable when
it is most marked when
this is seen clearly through
this is evident when
this is apparent/most obvious when
|
SUSTITUES FOR "says that"
|
|
admits that
argues that
asserts that
claims that
concludes that
condemns the view that
|
contends that
explains that
expresses the view that
is critical of
maintains that
observes that
|
points out that
refutes the evidence/view
reinforces the view that
rejects the point that
stresses the point that
submits that
|
CAUSE AND EFFECT
|
|
points out that
refutes the evidence/view
reinforces the view that
rejects the point that
stresses the point that
submits that
|
consequently
creates
despite this
due to
eventually
fostered
gives rise to
hence
in this way
|
indicates
influences
is due to
it is obvious that
leads to
primarily
produced by
shaped by
shows evidence of
|
stemmed from
the conclusion to be drawn
therefore
this effectively demonstrates
this explains
this indicates
to this end
undoubtedly
which include
|
TO SUMMARISE OR CONCLUDE
|
|
accordingly
as a result
as shown
consequently
finally
|
for this/that reason
having examined the evidence
hence
in conclusion
in other words
|
in summary
in view of that
on the whole
ultimately
we come to realise
|
